![]() Its violations they interpreted as offenses to their community and to the gods. ![]() Romans thus interpreted faith as vitally relational and the “supreme guarantee of human happiness.” And since Romans connected fides with law and religion, they understood it as “the foundation of religious, public, and private life.” Faith as trust, loyalty, and trustworthiness operates between: Deities such as Jupiter and Fides sanction faith in making contracts, treaties, and war. Teresa Morgan states how essential Fides, the goddess and personification of faith, is to Roman life and society. Such oaths bind a person in obligation to justice and faith before the supreme deity, Jupiter ( On Duties 3.28.102–04). When discussing honorable character and expediency, Cicero connects faith to religious oaths.
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